Lifts, Elevators, Escalators and MovingWalkways/Travelators

Authors: M.Y.H. Bangash & T. Bangash
Publisher: Taylor & Francis/Balkema, 2007
Size: 12.62MB
Format: SFXed pdf
Link: http://ifile.it/7tagpbs
Password: www.discuss-tect.blogspot.com
Contents:
SECTION I. LIFTS, ELEVATORS, ESCALATORSAND MOVINGWALKWAYS/TRAVELATORS
Chapter 1. Definitions of systems and notations for lifts/elevators/escalators and moving walkways
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Definitions for lifts
1.3 Major international symbols related to lifts/elevators and escalators
1.4 Symbols (based on classical methods of analysis/design)
1.5 Symbols (based on modern methods of analysis)
1.6 Symbols (used in Part 1.1 of Eurocode 3)
1.6.1 Latin upper case letters
1.6.2 Greek upper case letters
1.6.3 Latin lower case letters
1.6.4 Greek lower case letters
1.7 References, codified methods and standards
Chapter 2. Specifications for the design of lifts or elevators
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Initial design estimate
2.3 Electric lifts
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 Lift wells, car frames and counterweights
2.3.2.1 Specifications
2.3.2.2 Guides, buffers and final limit switches
2.3.2.3 Forces during safety gear operation
2.3.3 Headroom, pit and landing depth
2.3.4 Machine and pulley rooms
2.3.5 Landing doors
2.3.5.1 Introduction
2.3.5.2 Structural and mechanical strength
2.3.6 Compensating ropes
2.3.6.1 Suspension, compensation, safety gear and overspeed governor
2.3.6.2 Overspeed governor ropes
2.3.6.3 Suspension ropes and their connections – American practice
2.4 Hydraulic lifts
2.4.1 Introduction
2.4.2 Mechanical equipment
2.4.2.1 Roped hydraulic elevators
2.4.2.2 Car buffers or bumpers
2.4.2.3 Valves
2.4.2.4 Cylinders
2.4.2.5 Plungers
2.4.2.5.1 Calculations of stresses and deflections in car frame and platform members
2.4.2.6 Driving machines
2.5 Design data and formulas
2.5.1 Introduction to basic formulas
2.5.2 Hydraulic machines and piping
2.5.3 Gravity stopping distances
2.5.4 Factors of safety for suspension wire ropes for power elevators
2.5.4.1 Impact on buffer supports
2.6 Elevators in emergency
2.6.1 An Overview of elevator use for emergency evacuation
2.6.2 Protected elevators for egress and access during fires in tall buildings
2.6.2.1 EEES Protection
2.6.3 Conclusions
Chapter 3. Design specifications for escalators, moving walkways or travelators
3.1 Introduction to escalators
3.2 List of symbols based on The European Standard EN115
3.3 Definitions and general specifications
3.4 Rated loads on escalators
3.5 Structural analysis of escalators – parameters and loadings
3.6 The finite element analysis of escalators steps
3.7 Travelators or moving walkways
3.7.1 Introduction
3.7.2 Machinery
3.7.3 Speed, acceleration, and maximum rate of change of acceleration
3.7.4 Treadways
3.7.5 Emergency stopping, dE
3.7.6 Balustrade
3.8 Routine inspection and tests of escalators and moving walks
3.8.1 Inspection and test periods
3.8.2 Inspection and test requirements
3.8.3 Periodic inspection and tests of escalators and moving walks/travelators/autowalks
3.8.4 Acceptance inspection of escalators and moving walks
3.8.5 Inspection and test requirements for altered installations
SECTION II. LIFTS/ELEVATORS – PLANNING,ANALYSISAND DESIGN OF COMPONENTS
Chapter 4. Belt and rope drives
4.1 Belt drive – general introduction
4.2 Velocity ratio
4.2.1 Slip of belt calculating velocity ratio
4.3 Compound belt drive
4.4 Length of belt: open drive
4.5 Length of belt: crossed drive
4.6 Transmission of power
4.7 Centrifugal tension
4.8 Rope drive
Chapter 5. Design analysis of lift elements and components
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Elevator rope data
5.3 Factor of safety for elevator ropes
5.4 Rope termination
5.5 Specific pressure in ropes
5.6 Rope elongation
5.7 Types of drives and traction
5.7.1 Introduction
5.7.2 Traction of forces on sheave
5.8 Lifting and elevator machines
5.8.1 Definitions
5.8.2 Elevator machines
5.8.2.1 General elevator machines
5.8.2.1.1 General
5.8.2.1.2 The capacity and choice of worm diameter
5.8.2.1.3 Thermal performance
5.8.3 Brake and braking systems
5.8.3.1 Introduction
5.8.3.2 Braking torque
5.9 Counterweight, car guide and car frame
5.9.1 Introduction to counterweight
5.9.2 Guide-rails
5.9.2.1 Introduction
5.9.2.2 Analysis of guide rails
5.9.2.3 Forces acting on guide rails under normal operation
5.9.3 Types of guide shoes
5.9.4 Codified methods on stresses in guide rails
5.9.5 American standard safety code A17.1
5.10 Design analysis for buffers
5.10.1 Introduction
5.10.2 Energy accumulation buffers
5.10.3 Energy dissipation buffers
5.10.4 Polyurethane buffers of energy accumulation under reaction force
5.11 Design Analysis of car frames
5.11.1 Introduction
5.11.2 Design analysis of the car frame
5.11.2.1 Cross-heads
5.11.2.2 Distortion of frame parts under loads
5.12 Doors and door dynamics
5.12.1 Introduction
5.13 Door dynamics
5.13.1 Kinetic energy of the doors
5.13.2 Door closure force
5.13.3 Doors closed under continuous control
5.13.4 Door weight
5.13.5 Door closing time
Chapter 6. Lift/elevator travel analysis
6.1 Introduction
Chapter 7. Maximum and minimum stopping distances of car and counterweight (Based on US-A17.1)
7.1 Introduction
Chapter 8. Elements of super structures – finite element analysis
8.1 Belt calculations
8.1.1 Belt capacity
8.2 Finite element analysis
8.2.1 Finite element analysis of gears and platforms for the travelators
8.2.1.1 Contact of involute teeth
8.2.1.2 Step covers and platform
8.3 References
SECTION III. TRAVELATORSAND MOVINGWALKWAYS –ANALYSIS FOR STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Chapter 9. General data on travelators/walkways/autowalks: fire analysis of their components
9.1 General introduction
9.2 Rubber belt passenger conveyor type 55 – Schindler 9500
9.3 Fujitec GS 8000 series autowalk
9.4 Fire and escalators/travelators
9.4.1 Introduction
9.4.2 Loading and restraints
9.4.3 Temperature–time relation
9.4.4 Material properties
9.4.4.1 Steel in Escalators/Travelators
9.4.4.2 Calculations of fire resistance of steel members in travelators
9.4.4.3 Additional methods of protection for hollow columns
9.4.4.4 Summary of empirical equations for steel columns fully protected against fire (USA)
9.4.4.5 Examples in steel structures
References/bibliography
Chapter 10. Elements for supporting structures
10.1 Trusses supporting travelators
10.1.1. Influence lines method
10.1.2. Forces in redundant bars by influence diagrams
10.1.3. Maximum bending moments and shear forces
10.1.4. Flexibility method of analysis
Appendix I Supporting analysis and computer programs using finite element
IA Material and structural matrices for finite element analysis
IB Element types, shape function, derivatives, stiffness matrices
IC Dynamic finite-element analysis
ID Criteria for convergence and acceleration
Appendix II Computer programs
Appendix III Dynamic finite element analysis formulations super element and substructuring